Closing the Autism Employment Gap

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition which is typically characterized by persistent challenges in social communication and interaction, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities. ASD emerges in different ways in different people, which can make it difficult to generalize behaviors.

While we have been aware of autism for many years, there is still an alarming gap when it comes to the employment of individuals with ASD. In the US, only 32% of adults with autism are employed, compared to 70% of neurotypical adults. Similarly in the UK, the Buckland Review of Autism Employment found that just 3 in 10 autistic people are in work, compared to 5 in 10 for all disabled people and 8 in 10 for non-disabled people. It also found that those with ASD faced the largest pay gap of all disability groups.

The needs of individuals with ASD can be increasingly unique. As employers, it is crucial to actively foster an accepting and supporting work environment that adopts a more nuanced and individualized approach.

One of the most important principles in supporting employees with ASD is to avoid making assumptions. Certain physical and behavioral traits are often associated with ASD, but employers should not jump to conclusions about an employee’s neurodivergence based on observation alone. Diagnosing employees is not the role of the employer; rather, support should only be offered when an employee actively discloses their diagnosis or requests assistance or accommodation.

Once an employee voluntarily shares that they have ASD, the first step for an employer is to check their own biases. Do not immediately assume what the employee can or cannot do. Instead, ask questions, remain open-minded, and recognize that ASD manifests uniquely in each individual. The label of ASD is not a limitation but an opportunity to learn how best to support an employee’s productivity and wellbeing in the workplace.

Every employee with ASD has different sensitivities and needs. Employers must work with employees to determine which environmental adjustments will help them perform at their best. Here are some key factors to consider:

• Sound Sensitivities – many employees with ASD may suffer from sensitivity to sound and could benefit from the use of noise-cancelling headphones. If headphone use is approved, take a close look at your organizational culture to ensure the use of headphones doesn’t immediately connotate disengagement or isolation. It may in fact be promoting productivity rather than drawing away from it.
• Visual Stimuli – some ASD employees may prefer dim lighting, while others thrive in bright spaces. Workspaces should therefore be flexible to accommodate different visual needs. This sensitivity may extend to colors and patterns on walls, furniture, and flooring.
• Physical Environment – ergonomic accommodations such as standing desks, specialized keyboards, or alternative seating arrangements can significantly enhance productivity for ASD employees.
• Sensory Triggers – strong smells, such as those from a breakroom, can be disruptive for some individuals with ASD to the point that they are unable to focus. Employers should be mindful of this when choosing seating arrangements in the workplace and consider relocating workspaces if necessary.
• Hygiene Considerations – some individuals on the spectrum may have different hygiene habits, whether it be excessive use of cologne or a lack of awareness of workplace hygiene expectations. Employers should ensure they offer the proper training to managers so that they can approach these conversations with sensitivity and education rather than reprimand as it can make the difference between success and potential litigation.

In addition to physical workplace considerations, a company’s culture plays a significant role in how well ASD employees assimilate into the workplace. Many individuals on the spectrum struggle with unspoken social rules and expectations, which can lead to insecurity and social isolation. Without a culture of understanding and belonging, ASD employees may experience increased absenteeism or disengagement. Here are some key factors to consider when promoting a mentally supportive culture:

• Encourage Open Conversations – employees with ASD may not always express their feelings directly. Managers should strive to build an environment where employees feel comfortable discussing their challenges and needs so they can be addressed and workers continue to feel supported.
• Provide Clear Communication – around 9 in 10 autistic individuals process sensory information differently to neurotypical people. This is because ASD individuals often process stimuli more intensely than neurotypical individuals. While neurotypical employees can filter out unnecessary stimuli, ASD employees may absorb and analyze everything in their environment. Understanding this distinction can help managers avoid unnecessary pressure or misunderstandings regarding an employee’s reactions or work style. It can also help to inform them on how best an individual with ASD can absorb instructions (whether this be written communication, verbal communication, or visually given).
• Normalize Neurodivergence – individuals with ASD and other neurodivergent disorders can sometimes exhibit behaviors that are not considered typical, and this can lead to judgement from neurotypical people. As employers, it is important to embed neurodiversity behaviors into workplace etiquette in order to promote belonging, which in turn increases employee productivity and morale. Educating employees on ASD and encouraging them to practice patience and understanding when colleagues display behaviors that may be considered unconventional often results in fewer disruptions and improved motivation and results.

Supporting employees with ASD requires a thoughtful, individualized approach that prioritizes understanding over assumption. By considering sensory needs, providing flexible accommodations, and fostering an accepting culture, employers can create a workplace where neurodivergent employees feel valued and supported.

If you would like to discuss how we can help build neurodiversity support strategies into your company and grant you access to a wide pool of untapped talent, please get in touch with me at amanda@orgshakers.com